Portuguese history

Ferdinand Magellan set sail in 1519 to find a westward route to the Spice Islands and instead launched the first voyage around the world. Battling storms, mutiny, and starvation, his crew crossed the Pacific and proved the planet could be circled. Magellan himself never made it home—he was killed in the Philippines—but his daring plan reshaped global trade and forever changed how people saw the Earth.